https://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/issue/feedAbyssinia Journal of Science and Technology2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Editor-in-Chiefeditor.ajst@wu.edu.etOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technology (AJST)</strong> is newly established African scientific journal publishing from Wollo University, Ethiopia. It is an international, peer-reviewed and an open access scientific journal publishes two times per year. This journal publishes original research articles, short communications and occasionally reviews articles that generate the significant contribution in the field of science and technology. Its scope covers all aspects of Natural Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Medical and Veterinary Sciences & Engineering and Informatics.</p> <p>To qualify for publication, a manuscript must contribute to the understanding of science and technology by presenting either new and original research data as a full research article or in short communication format or review of a particular topic related to science and technology.</p> <p><strong>Date of Publishing: </strong>Every year first issue in <strong>JUNE </strong>and the second issue in<strong> DECEMBER</strong></p>https://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/331GGE-Biplot Analysis on Seed Yield of Elite Drought-Tolerant Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) Genotypes in North-eastern Ethiopia2022-08-07T23:58:18-04:00Fikru Mekonnontiewoast@gmail.comDaniel Hailgiweregisdanid981@gmail.comKebede Teshometiewoast@gmail.com<p>Drought tolerance is an important objective in many plant breeding programs. Global annual yield losses due to drought stress may reach 50% depending onthe crop’s growth stage and extent of drought severity. The present study was conducted to examine the yield performance and stability of elite drought-tolerantchickpea genotypes under diverse environments and to identify a stable genotype that performs well in moisture deficit environments using fourteen high drought index genotypes, including Fetenech(commercial variety). GGE biplot methodology was used to analyze genotypic stability across the environments. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analyses revealed significant (P < 0.01) genotype (G) and environmental (E) effects as well as G×E interaction with respect to chickpea yield. As per the AMMIanalysis,66.1% of the total variation was attributed to the environment, while G and G×E interaction explained 8.2%and 11.5%, respectively. According to AMMI’s stability value (ASV), the most stable genotypes were G9 and G1, considering both mean yield and ASV. The testing environments were clustered into two mega environments. The study clearly shows that G1 is near to the ideal genotype that does well under terminal moisture deficit environments with desirable and stable attributes with a yield advantage of 29.1% over standard cultivar (Fetenech). Further research on molecular and physiological analysis has to be conducted to identify gene/s conferring drought tolerance in chickpeas. Moreover, schematic hybridization should be designed to introgressnovel gene/s conferring drought tolerance to high-yielding and adapted commercial chickpea varieties.</p>2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2022 Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technologyhttps://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/561Technical Performance Evaluation of Selected Small Scale Irrigation Schemes in North Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia2022-09-06T05:31:13-04:00Habtamu Adinosinanhaw29@gmail.com<p>In order to evaluate the technical performance and status of irrigation water management of Mummiti,Laga-Warke, Taltale, Alaltu-Tiko, and Alaltu-Dubana small scale irrigation schemes in North Shoa Zone, data on both internal and external indicators and status of irrigation water management like soil data, flow data, crop yield data, farm gate prices of each crops and other important data were collected and analyzed by using appropriate tools. From the internal performance indicators, values for conveyance efficiency for the considered irrigation schemes range from 39%-67%, while that of application and overall efficiencies range from 32%-41% and 14.4%-27.5%, respectively. This indicated that for most irrigation schemes, application and overall efficiencies were poor implying the management was poor. The results for external performance indicators like output per crop area, output per command area, output per irrigation supply, and irrigation ratio also showed mostly low output from the respective command areas as compared with outputs intended from the concerned schemes under normal condition. Further, the status of irrigation water management was found to be from low to medium range for most activities under irrigation water management. Hence, the study indicated that the issue of improving irrigation performances and irrigation water management in the study area should be prioritized.</p>2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2022 Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technologyhttps://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/361Land Suitability Evaluation for Surface Irrigation Using arcGISand Analytical Hierarchy Process Techniques in BedessaRiver Basin, Gedio Zone,Ethiopia2022-06-27T09:32:25-04:00Eyoel Yigeltu Aybehoneyuely@du.edu.etAzemarew Alemu Tikuazmerawalemu2004@gmail.com<p>Although the primary goal of this paper is exploration, weighted index overlay analysis is used to assess the quality of land for surface irrigation in Ethiopia's Bedessa watershed using a geographic information system (GIS) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study took into account five critical factors: slope, soil, precipitation, land use/land cover (LULC), proximity to a watercourse, and proximity to a road. The weight of each parameter according to percent of influence on land suitability potential was determined by Analytical Hierarchy Process according to the relative influence of each. The generated land suitability potential for surface irrigation map has four ranks, S1, S2, S3 and N, in which its classes are most suitable, more suitable, less suitable, and individually not suitable, respectively, based on its land suitability potential availability rank and class. The area coverage is 1.81%, 5.64% and 86.83%, 72% of the study area, respectively. The irrigation requirements of the chosencrops were calculated using Crop Wat 8.0 models, and the results indicate that irrigation water requirements were higher during the driest months of the year. Finally, the potential irrigable area was determined by calculating the gross irrigation demand of the known irrigable area in relation to the monthly accessible watercourse. As a result, the map generated by this platform can be used to locate suitable irrigation locations within the space.</p>2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2022 Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technologyhttps://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/489Internet of Things and Machine Learning Based Smart and Intelligent Irrigation System2022-08-10T08:26:37-04:00Asrat Beyeneasrat.mulatu@aastu.edu.etSamuel Zeyede Teferagse06911pg@aastu.edu.et<p>Water is wasted significantly in traditional irrigation systems. Not only is an intelligent irrigation system required to optimize water use, but it is also required to increase crop yield. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) have enabled the development of intelligent systems capable of achieving thesegoals with minimal human intervention. This paper proposes an IoT-enabled and ML-trained irrigation system to optimize water usage while requiring minimal user intervention. IoT devices are used to collect soil and environmental data. In real time, this data is sent to and stored on a cloud server. From historical field data collected at the agricultural research site over a ten-year period, ML algorithms are used to generate a model. This model uses IoT sensor data to make real-time recommendations about the state of an agricultural field, such asthe need for watering. Both simulation and prototype implementations are used to compare the performance of the proposed system to similar previous works. In addition to the features made available to users via a cloud platform called Thing Speak, the proposed system made better use of resources such as water. Our system reduced Garlic's Crop Water Requirement (CWR) by 6.45% and 6.72%, respectively, during the Initial and Development stages. The system can also predict the type of crop that should be planted in the current year based on the data collected. Longer-term agricultural field data would provide more insight into the area if it was analyzed with more performance evaluation parameters.</p>2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2022 Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technologyhttps://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/569Aflatoxin Levels in Wheat Flour in Afar Region, Northeastern Ethiopia2022-10-27T07:53:27-04:00Ephrem Gucheephremg21@gmail.comAbdella Ibrahimephremg21@gmail.com<p>Aflatoxins are common contaminants in Agricultural commodities including wheat flour which pose a considerable risk to human health and have significant economic implications. The objective of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxin concentrations in wheat flour samplesat vendors and wholesalers from Logia-Samara, Dubti and Assaita town, Northeastern Ethiopia. A total of 60 flour samples were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using an ELISA test. Of the total 60 samples, aflatoxin was detected in 51, ranging from 1 ppb to 25 ppb. Aflatoxin concentrations were above 15 ppb in 65% of the positive samples collected from wholesalers in Assaita town. Moisture content and aflatoxin levels of flour samples were positively correlated (r = 0.917) and significant (p ≤ 0.05). This study identified heavy aflatoxin contamination in wheat flour beyond the maximum tolerable level by the CODEX (15 ppb). Therefore, the negative impacts of aflatoxin on health, and aflatoxin contamination should be considered in future programs. We suggest improvements be made to post-harvest management (proper drying, sorting, and storage) to reduce the level of aflatoxin contamination of wheat flour at vendors and wholesalers.</p>2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2022 Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technologyhttps://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/665Magnitude and Determinants of Colorecto-anal Cancer at the Oncology Unit of Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Dessie,Ethiopia2022-12-24T01:00:26-05:00Dr. Prem Kumargreenwater2030@gmail.comZerihun Hailemariamgreenwater3020@gmail.com<p>Colorecto-anal cancer is extremely detrimental to global public health. It is the third most common cancer among women and first among men in Ethiopia, and the causes and incidence of it isnot well understood. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of colorecto-anal cancer and its determinants among patients of an oncology unit at a major Ethiopian hospital. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 422 participants from the Dessie specialized comprehensive hospital. Data were collected by reviewing patient charts, conducting phone interviews, and pre-tested questionnaires. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used. A 95% confidence interval and a p-value of under 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance, and model fitness was checked by the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The average age of the participants was 44.74 (15.67%) years, and 211 (51.7%) of them were female. The magnitude of colorecto-anal cancer in adults was 35.0% (95% CI, 30.5–39.5). It was associated with low physical activity [AOR = 3.52; 95% CI (1.66, 7.46)], age 55–64 [AOR = 4.48; 95% CI (1.84, 10.90)], age > 65 [AOR = 5.4; 95% CI: (2.48, 11.75)], family history of cancer [AOR= 2.00; 95% CI: (1.06, 3.77)], and obesity [AOR = 2.63; 95% CI (1.12, 6.17)]. The magnitude of colorecto-anal cancer among adults was high. Old age, inactivity, obesity, being overweight, and a family history of cancer were found to be significant. Regular exercise, calorie restriction, and earlier and more frequent cancer screenings are recommended.</p>2022-12-31T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2022 Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technology